Tag Archives: Teacher Activists

Former teacher and formidable labor leader Dolores Huerta

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Former elementary school teacher and formidable civil rights leader Dolores Huerta worked tirelessly to secure better working conditions for migrant farm workers in the 1960’s. Photo credit: Public Domain.

Like many people I have heard of formidable civil rights leader Dolores Huerta. She worked tirelessly to secure better working conditions for migrant farm workers in the 1960’s. But did you know she was also once a teacher?

Dolores was born in Dawson, New Mexico, on April 10, 1930. In fact, she just celebrated her 93rd birthday earlier this week. Raised in Stockton, California, Dolores graduated in 1955 with an AA and her teaching credentials from the College of the Pacific. After her college graduation, she accepted a teaching position in a rural Stockton elementary school. She had been teaching for only a short time when she realized she wanted to devote her vast energy to migrant farm workers and their families. “I couldn’t stand seeing farm worker children come to class hungry and in need of shoes,” she once explained. “I thought I could do more by organizing their parents than by trying to teach their hungry children.”

After just one year, Dolores resigned from her teaching position, determined to launch a campaign that would fight the numerous economic injustices faced by migrant agricultural workers. Joining forces with the legendary labor leader Cesar Chavez, the intrepid educator helped organize a large-scale strike against the commercial grape growers of the San Joaquin Valley, an effort which raised national awareness of the abysmal treatment of America’s agricultural workers. She also negotiated contracts which led to their improved working conditions. The rest, as they say, is history.

Although there are several fairly good juvenile biographies of this extraordinary woman, there is no definitive adult biography about her. The closest thing to it is A Dolores Huerta Reader edited by Mario T. Garcia. This book includes an informative biographical introduction by the editor, articles and book excerpts written about her, her own writings and transcripts of her speeches, and an interview with Mario Garcia. You can find A Dolores Huerta Reader on amazon. I have also included a chapter about this remarkable teacher in my second book, entitled Chalkboard Heroes.

Jackson Davis: He worked tirelessly for African American students

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Jackson Davis worked tirelessly to improve educational opportunities for African Americans here in the United States, and for Africans abroad. Photo Credit: Encyclopedia Virginia

Many Chalkboard Champions work tirelessly on behalf of disenfranchised groups of students. This is certainly true of Jackson Davis, a remarkable educator who devoted his entire 45-year career to improving educational opportunities for African American students here in the United States, and for Africans abroad.

Jackson was born in Cumberland County, Virginia, on Sept. 25, 1882. He attended public schools in Richmond, Virginia. He earned his Bachelor’s degree from the College of William and Mary in 1902 and his Master’s degree from Columbia University in 1908. In addition, he was awarded an honorary law degree by the University of Richmond in 1930 and another by the College of William and Mary in 1931.

Following graduation from William and Mary, Jackson was employed in a variety of high-profile positions, where he dedicated his talents to improving the lives of students. He became the principal of the public schools of Williamsburg, Virginia. He also served as the Assistant Secretary of the YMCA in Roanoke, Virginia, from 1903 to 1904. During the 1904-1905 school year, he was principal of the public schools of Marion, Virginia, followed by a stint as the Superintendent of Schools in Henrico County, Virginia from 1905 to 1909. The next year, 1909-1910, this hardworking educator served as a member of the State Board of Examiners and Inspectors for the Virginia State Board of Education, and from 1910 to 1915, this forward-thinking individual was the state agent for African-American rural schools for the Virginia State Department of Education.

In 1915, Jackson became affiliated with the General Education Board in New York, New York, as a field agent. Two years later he was transferred to New York City as the board’s general field agent, where he remained until 1929 when he was made the Assistant Director. He became the Associate Director in 1933, and the Vice President and then the Director in 1946. During his many years associated with the General Education Board, Jackson’s work was focussed on education in the Southern states, and he used his influence to improve relations and understanding between White people and African Americans. His pioneering work in promoting regional centers of education in the South tremendously significant.

Throughout his extensive career, Jackson specialized in Southern education, inter-racial problems, and education in the Belgian Congo and Liberia. In 1935 he traveled to Africa as a Carnegie visitor, and in 1944 he went again to that country as the leader of a group sent by the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, the British Conference of Missions, and the Phelps-Stokes Fund. As if all that were not enough, Jackson served as a trustee of the Phelps-Stokes Fund, an organization devoted to African American education and race relations, both in America and in Africa. He became vice president of the fund in 1940, and succeeded Anson Phelps Stokes as president in 1946.

At the time of his death in 1947, Jackson T. Davis was the President of the Board of Trustees of Booker T. Washington Institute in Liberia, the President of the New York State Colonization Society, a member of the Commission on Inter-Racial Cooperation, and of the Advisory Committee on Education in Liberia. He served as a member of the Board of Visitors of the College of William and Mary from 1913 to 1920, and as secretary of the International Education Board from 1923 to 1938. He also frequently contributed articles for publication to educational journals.

This remarkable Chalkboard Champion passed away in Cartersville, Virginia, on April 15, 1947. In 1962, Jackson Davis Elementary School in Henrico County, Virginia, was dedicated in his honor. To read more about him, see this article published on Encyclopedia Virginia.

Chloe Merrick Reed: She taught newly-liberated African Americans

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Chloe

Intrepid teacher Chloe Merrick Reed travelled from New York to Florida to teach children of newly-liberated African Americans. Photo Credit: Public Domain

In times of social and political turbulence, it is often the teachers who help with transition. Such is the case for Chloe Merrick Reed, a teacher from the Civil War period who opened a school for newly emancipated slaves.

Chloe was born in Syracuse, New York, on April 18, 1832. She became a teacher in Syracuse public schools, where she worked from 1854 to 1856. In 1863, while the Civil War was still raging, this intrepid teacher traveled to Fernandina, Florida, where she opened a school on Amelia Island to educate 55 of the children of slaves who had been liberated by the Union Army. Later she opened a home for orphans there. She was one of the first teachers to work with the Freedmen’s Bureau, a federal agency that was established to protect and assist newly-emancipated African Americans. Chloe’s work on Amelia Island is well documented. She is the only educator cited by name in Florida’s monthly education reports to the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands.

On August 10, 1869, Chloe married Harrison M. Reed, who served as the governor of Florida from 1868 to 1873. Reed was the ninth governor of the state. While First Lady of Florida, Chloe campaigned for legislation that would improve education, provide aid to the poor, and address other pressing social issues. The couple had one child, a boy they named Harrison Merrick Reed.

Chloe Merrick Reed passed away on August, 5, 1897. In 2000, this remarkable teacher’s name was added to the list of “Great Floridians,” a program which recognizes men and women who served their state through philanthropy, public service, or personal or professional service, and who have enhanced the lives of Florida’s citizens.

African American teacher, poet, and biographer Henrietta Cordelia Ray

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African American teacher, poet, and biographer Henrietta Cordelia Ray became known for her sonnets and her ode to Abraham Lincoln.

Many excellent educators have also earned fame for their endeavors outside of the classroom. One of these was Henrietta Cordelia Ray, an African American teacher who is best known for composing a poem about Abraham Lincoln that is associated with the Freedmen’s Memorial located in Washington, DC.

Henrietta was born on Aug. 30, 1852, in New York City. Her father was Charles Bennett Ray, a blacksmith, abolitionist, and clergyman.

As a young woman, Henrietta earned her degree in pedagogy from the University of the City of New York in 1891. She also studied French, German, Greek, and Latin at the Sauvener School of Languages. Then she launched her career as a public school teacher in New York City schools. During this period, Henrietta also became active in community-building and political activism.

Henrietta gave up her position as an educator to pursue a career as a writer. One her pieces, an eight-line ode to Abraham Lincoln, was read at the unveiling of the Freedmen’s Memorial in Washington, DC, in April, 1876. At this unveiling ceremony, the prominent African American abolitionist Frederick Douglass served as the keynote speaker. In 1887, Henrietta co-authored a biography of her father with her sister, Florence. The book was entitled “Sketch of the Life of Rev. Charles B. Ray.” Henrietta also published a collection of sonnets in 1893 and a second book of poetry in 1910.  Selections from the 1910 volume were widely included in anthologies published in the early 20th century. Frequently, the subjects of her verse were nature, piety, and idealism.

In her retirement years, Henrietta returned to her original vocation of teaching. She tutored students and instructed English classes for teachers. In addition, she organized and participated in regional and national conferences for African American teachers.

Sadly, Henrietta passed away on Jan. 5, 1916. She was 63 years old.

Former teacher Rupa Ramadurai now works to improve education opportunities for all

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Former teacher Rupa Ramadurai now works as an attorney who works towards the improvement of educational opportunities for all students. Photo credit: Rupa Ramadurai

Many talented educators have used their experience in the classroom to go on to work towards the improvement of educational opportunities for all students. One of these is Rupa Ramadurai, a former high school teacher from Miami, Florida.

Rupa earned her Bachelor’s degree in Education and Political Science from the University of Michigan in 2009. She earned her Master’s degree in Education and Social Change from the University of Miami in 2011. She earned her Juris Doctorate in Child and Family Law from the Loyola University of Chicago School of Law in 2014.

Once she earned her Master’s degree, Rupa taught high school intensive reading in an inner city public school in Miami Dade County, Florida. She entered the teaching profession through Teach for America (TFA). “I didn’t know how exactly to combine my academic passion for reading and writing with my love for working with kids,” recalled Rupa. “I spoke to a TFA on-campus recruiter my senior year who shared how she had the ability to change a child’s trajectory through education, and it sold me on that being my calling,” she continued.

In addition to her work as a reading teacher, Rupa supported first-year teachers by serving as a Management Learning Team Leader and as a Backwards Planning Clinic Leader.

Once she earned her Juris Doctorate, Rupa spent five years practicing education law, and then she accepted a position at Chicago-based Community Leadership Corps, a non-profit organization that supports educators in pursuing varied pathways such as elected leadership, careers in policy and advocacy, and organizing. In this way, the former teacher endeavors to achieve educational equity for all.

Rupa says her work as a teacher has been invaluable to her success as a lawyer. “The classroom taught me how to think on my feet, and how to make sound judgment in the heat of a moment—from disciplining a student to changing the lesson plan to accommodate someone,” she declares. “This ability to be quick, flexible, and adaptable was an invaluable skill that serves me to be effective as an attorney.”