Montana’s Lucia Darling: Pioneer teacher of the Wild West

I always enjoy sharing stories about teachers who were 19th-century pioneers in settling the untamed territories of our country. One such story is about Lucia Darling, a young educator who founded the first school in the state of Montana.

In October 23, Lucia was only 27 years old when she opened her school on the banks of Grasshopper Creek in the frontier village of Bannack, Beaverhead County, Montana. Until a cabin could be constructed to serve as the schoolhouse, the young teacher used the home of her uncle, Sidney Edgerton, who was serving as the governor of the territory. Makeshift desks and chairs, books, and other instructional materials were hastily assembled to serve her pupils.  Lucia’s students were the children of the approximately 3,000 homesteaders and gold miners who had established their claims in the wild and woolly Western town.

In those days, Bannack was tumultuous and rough,” the young schoolteacher recorded in her diary. “It was the headquarters of a band of highwaymen. Lawlessness and misrule seemed to be the prevailing spirit of the place.” Through her school, Lucia sought to inject some semblance of law and order into the community.

Lucia was born in Tallmadge, Ohio, in 1939. Although raised on a farm, she became a qualified teacher and spent nine years teaching in an area of northeast Ohio. She also taught at Berea College, the first integrated college in Kentucky. She did this at a time when it was unusual for a woman to get a college education or go to work.

In 1863, Lucia accompanied her uncle and his family as they moved West. She kept a a detailed diary of the route, the Native Americans they encountered, the historic landmarks they passed, the weather patterns, and the chores she completed each day along the journey. The group traveled by train from Tallmadge to Chicago, by river boat down the Missouri River to Omaha, and by covered wagon across the vast prairies of the West. After three months, the expedition finally landed in Oregon territory. From there Lucia made her way to Bannack, where she founded her historic school.

After the Civil War, Lucia traveled to the Deep South where she taught for the Freedman’s Bureau, an organization founded by the US Government in 1865 to provide educational opportunities for newly-freed African Americans.

Lucia Darling: A true chalkboard champion.

Arizona’s Ruth Woolf Jordan, rural schoolteacher and orchard owner.

There are many examples of  school teachers who became pioneers in the American Southwest. One of these was Ruth Woolf Jordan, a young teacher who taught in a one-room schoolhouse in Beaver Creek, Arizona.

Ruth Woolf was born in Crittendon County, Kentucky, on November 7, 1902. When she was ten years old, her family settled in Tempe, Arizona. As a young woman, Ruth attended Tempe Normal School, now known as Arizona State University, where she graduated in 1922.

Following her graduation, Ruth accepted a teaching position in a one-room schoolhouse in the Beaver Creek School, about 25 miles south of Sedona. As a rural school teacher, Ruth’s was responsible for firing up the wood stove on cold days, cutting her students’ hair, checking in on them when they were absent, ridding trails of rattlesnakes, and playing field games such as softball. To get back and forth to school every day, the young teacher rode her horse.

While teaching at Beaver Creek, Ruth was introduced to a young rancher named Walter Jordan. The pair fell in love, and were married in 1930. After their marriage, the couple settled into a one-room cabin on his land in nearby Sedona. Because local policy did not allow married women to teach school, Ruth gave up teaching and became a farmer’s wife. Eventually Ruth and Walter had three children.

During the 1930s and early 1940s, the Jordans expanded their farm to a total of 65 acres. There they planted an orchard of nearly 1,500 apple and peach trees. At the height of their orchard business, during the 1950s and 1960s, the couple was the largest private employers in Sedona. Ruth worked on the farm and marketed the produce in Phoenix, and in later years she returned to teaching school in Sedona and Red Rock when teachers were needed.

By the 1970s, Ruth and Walter were ready for retirement. They sold their last commercial crop in 1973. After Walter’s passing in 1987, Ruth negotiated with the City of Sedona and the Sedona Historical Society (SHS) to reach an agreement to donate a portion of her remaining property to the city, and to sell the remaining four acres and her home to the city. The agreement granted her a life estate and SHS access to operate a museum in the Jordan farm buildings. After Ruth passed away on January 7, 1996, the city developed the land into a public park, and in 1998 the SHS opened the Sedona Heritage Museum. The museum offers exhibits on local history, cowboys, movie-making, orcharding, and local pioneers, including early women settlers, and their contributions to the community of Sedona and Oak Creek Canyon. The historic Jordan buildings were the first in Sedona to be named to the National Register of Historic Places.

You can learn more about the Jordan Historic Park at the website for the Sedona Historical Society at Sedona Museum. Read more about chalkboard pioneer Ruth Woolf Jordan at the Arizona Memory Project.

Olive Mann Isbell, the California teacher who taught while war raged around her.

One relatively unknown figure in California history is educator Olive Mann Isbell. This outstanding lady taught while the Mexican American War raged on around her. She is credited with being the first teacher in a school in the state of California.

In 1846, when Olive was only 22 years old, she and her husband, Dr. Isaac Isbell, made the arduous journey west by wagon train. Western territories had recently severed their relationship with Mexico, and the Isbells arrived just as the Mexican army was poised to attack in an attempt to reclaim the land.

When fighting broke out, Olive and over two hundred American women and children barricaded themselves inside Mission Santa Clara de Asis, while the men were quickly drafted to defend the dilapidated fort. Inside the shelter, Olive sensed the anxiety of the children, so she decided to organize a school to occupy their attention. The newly-arrived pioneer was well-suited to this work, being the niece of the famous educator Horace Mann and an experienced teacher from her home state of Ohio.

The bullets were flying all around the mission, but Olive steadfastly conducted her lessons. Without slates or chalk, without pencils or paper, and with only a few books, the intrepid teacher skillfully conducted her lessons with little more than her experience and her wits. She used a long pointed stick to draw diagrams on the dirt floor. She used charcoal from an extinguished fire to write the letters of the alphabet on the palms of the children’s hands. And she kept a long rifle by her side, just in case.

When  Mexico finally laid down their arms and signed a truce with the United States on January 3, 1847, Olive’s Santa Clara Mission School became recognized as the first American school on California soil.

You can read more about this amazing chalkboard champion in my book, Chalkboard Heroes, available on amazon.com.