Septima Poinsette Clark, seen seated in the center of this group, was an integral part of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. Martin Luther King, Jr., often called her “The Mother of the Movement.” In fact, this remarkable educator has earned the Martin Luther King, Jr., Award in 1970, the Living Legacy Award in 1979, and the Drum Major for Justice Award in 1987.

Septima was born in Charleston, South Carolina, on May 3, 1898. Her father was born a slave, and her mother, although born in Charleston, was raised in Haiti and never experienced slavery. After Septima graduated from high school in 1916, she didn’t have the money to finance her college education. Nevertheless, she landed a position as an elementary teacher in a school for African American Gullah children on John’s Island in South Carolina’s Sea Islands. By 1919, Septima returned to Charleston to teach sixth grade at  Avery Normal Institute, a private academy for black children. Before long, Septima became involved with Charleston’s NAACP, which inaugurated her involvement in civil rights activities. In the 1940s, Septima was finally able to return to school, taking summer school courses to earn her college degree. She earned her bachelor’s degree from Benedict College and her masters from Hampton University.

In the 1950s  Septima found herself working at the Highlander Folk School in Monteagle, Tennessee. She was instrumental in combatting Jim Crow laws by organizing citizenship schools to teach underprivileged African Americans basic literacy skills, voter registration techniques, and the history of the Movement. At Highlander, Septima served as the director of workshops, trained teachers, and recruited students.One of the participants in her workshops was Rosa Parks. Shortly after participating in the Highlander workshops, Rosa helped launch the now-famous Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Septima Clark passed away on John’s Island on December 15, 1987, of natural causes. The talented and dedicated teacher was 89 years old.

Many distinguished educators, both black and white, made important contributions to the Civil Rights Movement during the 1960’s. One such educator was Fannie Smith Motley. Fannie Ernestine Smith was born in 1927 in Perdue Hill, Alabama, a small town near Monroeville. As a young woman, she attended all-black Selma Baptist University from 1944-1946, where she met her future husband, D.L. Motley, a ministerial student. Fannie disrupted her education in 1949 when the couple married and had two children. Shortly after the 1954 Supreme Court decision of Brown v. Board of Education, Fannie overcame her strong fear of reprisals from the Ku Klux Klan and enrolled in previously all-white Spring Hill College in Mobile, Alabama. She graduated from Spring Hill with honors in 1956, the first African American to do so. This was her contribution to the Civil Rights Movement. Fannie first taught second grade at A.F. Owens School in Mobile, Alabama, but then relocated to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1963 when her husband was given a job as the pastor of Peace Baptist Church there. In the Cincinnati public school system Fannie taught for twenty-four years, returning to school to complete the requirements for her master’s degree in guidance education from Xavier University in 1969.

Fannie’s alma mater, Spring Hill College, established a scholarship in her name to be awarded to an individual who advances diversity on campus. On May 9, 2004, Spring Hill conferred an honorary doctorate on Fannie Smith Motley in recognition of her efforts to promote diversity. She is truly a chalkboard champion.

Ethel Cuff Black was born in 1890 in Wilmington, Delaware. Her father was a prominent banker, and her maternal grandfather was a Civil War Veteran.

As a youngster, Ethel attended Industrial School for colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey, and graduated with the highest grade point average in her class. She graduated cum laude with a major in education from Howard University in 1915, where she is credited with being one of the founding members of the prestigious Delta Sigma Theta Sorority.

After her college graduation, Ethel became the first African American teacher in Rochester, New York. She also taught in Oklahoma and Missouri, and worked at PS 108 in South Ozone Park, New York, where she taught for 27 years before her retirement in 1957. This chalkboard champion passed away on September 22, 1977.