Clara Barton was an accomplished school teacher. She was also a Civil War nurse, humanitarian, and women’s rights activist. Photo credit: National Archives
Many people have heard of the pioneering nurse and founder of the American Red Cross. But did you know that when she was a young woman she was a school teacher?
Clara was born on Dec. 25, 1821, on a farm in North Oxford, Massachusetts. Her formal schooling began when she was only three years old, When she was three years old, but even at that age she excelled in reading and spelling.
Clara studied at the Clinton Liberal Institute in Clinton, New York. There she earned her first teacher’s certificate in 1939. Even before this, when she was only 16 years old, Clara accepted a position as a teacher in a one-room schoolhouse in her home town of North Oxford. There she was praised for instilling discipline in her students without the use of corporal punishment, which was prevalent in her day. Later, Clara relocated to Bordentown, New Jersey, where she opened the first free public school in the state.
Clara’s career as an educator spanned 12 years. In addition to teaching in Massachusetts and New Jersey, she also taught in schools in Canada and West Georgia. Throughout her years ion the classroom, Clara lobbied vociferously for equal pay for women and men teachers. “I may sometimes be willing to teach for nothing, but if paid at all, I shall never do a man’s work for less than a man’s pay,” she once declared.
During the American Civil War, Clara volunteered to nurse wounded soldiers in Washington, DC. Some of her patients were members of the 6th Massachusetts Militia, and a few of them were her former students. Throughout the bitter conflict, Clara worked diligently to collect and store medical supplies, clean field hospitals, apply dressings, and serve food to wounded soldiers on both the Union and Confederate sides on the front lines. She was present at some of the most fierce battles of the war. Her grateful patients called her the “Angel of the Battlefield.”
When the Civil War was over, Clara coordinated a national effort to locate soldiers who were missing in action. Through. her efforts, 22,000 soldiers who were marked “missing” were located. In 1881, she founded the American Red Cross. In 1905, she established the National First Aid Society to teach people how to give first aid and save lives even when health workers are not on the scene.
This amazing educator, nurse, humanitarian, and women’s rights activist passed away on April 12, 1912, in Glen Echo, Maryland. She was 90 years of age. In 1973, she was inducted into the National Women’s Hall of Fame. To read more about her, click on this link to the National Women’s History Museum.
