Charlotte Forten Grimke, the teacher who established a school for emancipated slaves in South Carolina during the Civil War.
There are many classroom educators who demonstrate extraordinary acts of courage. One of these is a nineteenth-century African American woman named Charlotte Forten Grimke, a teacher who established a school in South Carolina just behind the battle lines during the Civil War.
Charlotte was born a free Black in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on August 17, 1837, the daughter of Robert and Mary (Wood) Forten. Her parents were members of the prominent Black Forten-Purvis family of Philadelphia, and several of her family members were involved in anti-slavery causes.
As a youngster, Charlotte enjoyed freedoms and privileges not usually experienced by African Americans in the United States. She was educated in Salem, Massachusetts, at the Higginson Grammar School, a private academy for young women. She was the only student of color in a class of 200. Known for emphasis in critical thinking, the school offered courses in history, geography, drawing, and cartography, and placed an emphasis on critical thinking skills. After graduating from Higginson, Charlotte studied literature and instructional pedagogy at the Salem Normal School, an institution opened to train educators.
During the Civil War, Charlotte answered the call to teach newly-emancipated slaves in the South. The US government recognized that these newest American citizens desperately needed assistance in basic literacy skills and training on how to take care of themselves. Charlotte agreed to travel to South Carolina, despite the high risk to her own personal freedom and her precarious health, to establish a school there. While the war raged on around them, she set up the school and diligently held classes for students who ranged in age from kinders to grandparents. When the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, an all-black regiment, suffered high casualties in the battle at Fort Wagner on July 18, 1863, Charlotte left her classroom with a substitute teacher and went to the soldiers’ aid as a nurse and letter writer at the nearby hospital where the injured had been taken.
You can read her fascinating story in her own words through her personal writings, The Journals of Charlotte Forten Grimke, or you can read a shorter chapter about her life in my book, Chalkboard Champions. Either way, the story is a good read.
